Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Treatment - PubMed
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- Infective endocarditis occurs when conditions damage the heart's endothelial lining, creating an infection site.
- The infection triggers inflammation, leading to platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and bacterial colonization.
- Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus species (over 80% of cases).
- Symptoms include fever (common in acute cases) and new/worsening heart murmur.
- Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and the 2023 Duke Criteria.
- Treatment includes empiric IV antibiotics, source control, and multi-disciplinary consultation.
- Patients should be monitored for complications and potential surgical needs.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis and good oral/skin hygiene are recommended for those with a history of endocarditis.