Immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges and future strategies - PubMed
3 hours ago
- #Tumor Microenvironment
- #Small Cell Lung Cancer
- #Immunotherapy
- Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of less than 7%.
- Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has modestly improved survival outcomes for extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC).
- Resistance to immunotherapy in SCLC is driven by a 'cold' tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor heterogeneity.
- Emerging strategies to overcome resistance include cellular therapies, multi-agent immunotherapies, TME modulation, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cancer vaccines, and novel immunomodulatory agents.
- Future directions focus on biomarker-guided, personalized strategies to achieve more durable survival outcomes in ES-SCLC.