Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management - PubMed
3 hours ago
- #calcium homeostasis
- #cardiovascular diseases
- #heart failure
- Heart failure (HF) is a major global cause of hospitalization and mortality, with persistently high rates despite updated guidelines.
- This review synthesizes HF epidemiology and examines calcium-handling differences in physiological vs. pathological conditions, and across HF subtypes like HFrEF and HFpEF.
- Key calcium-regulating proteins and pathways are summarized and integrated into a network model linking Ca2+ dynamics with inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
- The review discusses conventional HF management strategies and emerging therapies targeting specific mechanisms within this network.
- Unmet needs and future directions in HF care are outlined, aiming to advance precision diagnosis, individualized therapy, and a comprehensive management framework.