The Impact of Coffee Consumption on Mortality Among Patients With Heart Failure - PubMed
4 hours ago
- #mortality-risk
- #coffee-consumption
- #heart-failure
- Study assesses coffee consumption's impact on mortality in heart failure (HF) patients using NHANES data (2003-2018).
- 915 HF participants categorized by coffee intake: zero, one, two, three, and ≥4 cups/day.
- No significant mortality association found with one to three cups/day; ≥4 cups/day increased mortality risk (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.16-2.16; p=0.004).
- Age was the strongest predictor of mortality; income and sex showed marginal associations.
- Conclusion: Up to three cups/day may be safe for HF patients; ≥4 cups/day linked to higher mortality, warranting caution.