Burden, Trends and Prediction of NAFLD/MAFLD Attributable to Smoking From 1990 to 2021: GBD 2021 Analysis - PubMed
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- #global health
- #NAFLD/MAFLD
- #smoking burden
- Study quantifies global burden of NAFLD/MAFLD attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 using GBD 2021 data.
- Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of smoking-attributable NAFLD/MAFLD increased, especially in males and low-middle SDI regions.
- Age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) showed no significant change, but death-related burden rose, with cross-country inequality widening, notably among females.
- Joinpoint regression analysis indicates increasing death-related burden with an AAPC of 0.2660 for ASMR.
- Predictions using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model project a steady decline in burden by 2036.
- Findings highlight need for strengthened tobacco control and NAFLD/MAFLD prevention in vulnerable populations.