The Diverse Roles of Heparan Sulfate in RNA Virus Infections: Insights From Enterovirus A71, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, and Chikungunya Virus - PubMed
10 hours ago
- #heparan sulfate
- #antiviral strategies
- #viral pathogenesis
- Heparan sulfate (HS) serves as an attachment and internalization factor for many RNA and DNA viruses due to its structural heterogeneity.
- HS facilitates viral attachment for EV-A71, SARS-CoV-2, and CHIKV, and additionally aids SARS-CoV-2 internalization in the absence of ACE2.
- Viral affinity for HS is determined by positively charged residues on the virion, influencing infectivity and plaque size in vitro for EV-A71 and SARS-CoV-2.
- Higher HS affinity correlates with viral attenuation, reduced inflammation, lower capsid stability, and increased sensitivity to antibodies in vivo for EV-A71 and CHIKV.
- HS mimetics targeting virus-HS interactions show promise as broad-spectrum antivirals, with some already in clinical trials.