Duration of immunity following infection with moderately virulent ASFV - PubMed

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Study assesses long-term immunity in pigs recovering from moderately virulent ASFV infection.
Pigs infected with ASFV strain Estonia14 showed mild clinical signs and transient viremia.
After six months, recovered pigs were challenged with highly virulent ASFV Armenia08, showing strong immunity.
Only one previously exposed pig exhibited mild signs post-challenge, while controls showed acute, lethal ASF.
Low levels of ASFV genomes and infectious virus were detected in some recovered pigs post-challenge.
ASFV-specific IgG levels remained high and increased slightly after challenge, indicating sustained humoral immunity.
Complement factor C3a levels were elevated in recovered pigs, correlating with challenge virus presence.
Complement system activation was mediated by the lectin pathway, possibly via mannose-binding lectins and ASFV particles.
Protective immunity post-recovery lasts at least six months, with no persistent or chronic disease observed.
Findings have implications for vaccine development, assessment, and disease control strategies.

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