Type 1 Diabetes: A Review - PubMed
7 days ago
- #Autoimmune Disease
- #Type 1 Diabetes
- #Insulin Therapy
- Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
- It accounts for 5% to 10% of all diabetes cases, affecting about 2 million people in the US and 8.4 million worldwide.
- Complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease.
- 90% to 95% of patients have at least one autoantibody at diagnosis, which can identify early stages of the disease.
- Up to 44% of children and 23% of adults present with diabetes-related ketoacidosis.
- The median age of diagnosis in the US is 24 years, though it is most commonly diagnosed between ages 10 and 14.
- Lifelong insulin replacement is required, administered via injection or pump.
- Continuous glucose monitors with insulin pumps improve hemoglobin A1c levels and reduce hypoglycemia.