- Article 73 of the Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act allows AIVD and MIVD to take measures, including committing criminal acts, to protect their interests, such as sabotaging Iran's nuclear program.
- The approval for using Article 73 powers can be delegated down to low-level officials, meaning ministers may not be informed about operations.
- Critics argue that Article 73 lacks sufficient legal safeguards, as a required general administrative measure (AMvB) for criminal acts has not been implemented despite recommendations.