- Philae landed on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 12 November 2014, marking the first time a human-made object touched down on a comet.
- The landing site, Agilkia, was chosen for its safety and science potential, but Philae's harpoons failed to fire, causing multiple bounces and additional data collection at different locations.
- During its 64-hour active phase, Philae completed 80% of its planned science, including measuring surface hardness, detecting organic compounds, and conducting the first seismic measurements on a comet since Apollo 17.
- Philae's instruments revealed the comet's interior has high porosity (75–85%), a non-magnetic nature, and temperature cycles, while also finding complex organic molecules key to life's ingredients.
- The Rosetta-Philae mission legacy inspires future ESA projects like Comet Interceptor, Hera, Ramses, and M-Argo, advancing small body exploration and planetary defense.