- The US is experiencing both an AI boom and a data center construction boom, with thousands existing and many in development.
- Despite AI's economic and national security importance, many Americans oppose local AI data center projects due to concerns about higher utility costs, pollution, noise, loss of green space, and high water/energy consumption.
- Opposition also extends to associated infrastructure like transmission lines, which often require crossing private land, leading to eminent domain disputes.
- Eminent domain, the government's power to seize private property for public use with just compensation, is being invoked for data center power needs, raising questions about whether private data centers qualify as 'public use'.
- Data centers' massive electricity demand strains grids; power companies may use eminent domain to acquire land for new transmission lines to meet this growing demand.
- While the Supreme Court has broadly interpreted 'public use', many states enacted reforms or have stricter constitutional interpretations, potentially offering landowners more protection in state courts.
- Court rulings on eminent domain for transmission lines vary; seizing land for grid reliability often qualifies as public use, especially if it benefits in-state customers, but lines that don't benefit the state may be challenged successfully.