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- The universe's expansion is accelerating due to dark energy, a discovery that won the Nobel Prize in 2011.
- The Hubble tension arises from a significant discrepancy between local measurements of the expansion rate (using supernovae) and predictions from the cosmic microwave background based on the Lambda-CDM model.
- The Lambda-CDM standard model is highly successful but may have cracks, as multiple independent measurements consistently show a mismatch.
- Adam Riess continues to refine distance measurements using the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes, finding no errors in local observations.
- Future telescopes like the Nancy Grace Roman, Euclid, and Vera Rubin are expected to provide new data to resolve the Hubble tension.
- The scientific process emphasizes redundancy, cross-checking, and open-mindedness, with the potential for either missing physics or a conceptual overhaul.