- Avoid vague statements like 'Europe must invest in XYZ' as they obscure who is responsible for action.
- Question the use of 'we' or 'us' without clear definition, as it implies false consensus and masks identity.
- Specify the actor (e.g., EU, companies, or individuals) when calling for investment to prevent ambiguity.
- Clarify the nature of 'investment'—whether it involves actual funding or just policy papers and meetings.
- Urge authors to write precise actions, e.g., 'European Commission should procure a secure email solution' instead of vague calls.
- Readers should treat imprecise statements about 'Europe' as a red flag for unclear thinking and demand details.