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Success of New Federal Housing Law Rests on States and Localities

3 hours ago
  • The 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act is the first comprehensive federal law in decades to increase homebuilding, containing over 50 provisions to boost housing production through streamlined federal rules, new funding, and incentives.
  • State and local pro-supply reforms, such as those in Austin, Texas, have already succeeded: easing zoning for ADUs and apartments led to 120,000 new homes and a median rent drop from $1,546 to $1,296 between 2021 and 2026.
  • The law scales local lessons nationwide and ties federal dollars to future reforms, including grant programs for new construction and home repairs, but requires Congress to appropriate funds and agencies to issue regulations.
  • States, localities, and tribes should prioritize modernizing zoning, permitting, and building codes; certifying parity for manufactured homes; and positioning to win federal grants by implementing results-based reforms.
  • Key grant programs include: Carrots and sticks for new homes in expensive areas (Section 213), funding for regulatory reform (Section 208), preapproved plans (Section 209), single-stair apartment guidelines (Section 102), and grants for housing in Opportunity Zones (Section 201).
  • Grant programs for home repairs support lower-income Americans, including home repair grants (Section 202) and support for manufactured homes (Section 304).
  • New obligations for states: certify parity for manufactured housing (Section 301) and create a database of publicly owned land (Section 104) to qualify for federal benefits.
  • New flexibilities include streamlining environmental review (Sections 205, 206, 501), expanding the Rental Assistance Demonstration program (Section 212), reforming the HOME program (Section 501), and allowing CDBG funds for new affordable housing construction (Section 204).
  • Improved financing tools: raising FHA loan limits for manufactured housing and ADUs (Section 303), removing barriers to modular housing (Section 302), and enabling bank financing for affordable housing (Section 203).
  • Technical assistance programs, such as housing supply frameworks (Section 107), compile best practices in land use reform to help states and localities adopt proven policies.
  • The law signals that jurisdictions modernizing zoning, building codes, and permitting will benefit most from new flexibility and funding; state and local officials should act now despite pending federal implementation steps.

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