- A new ESO study warns that current proposals to launch over 1.7 million satellites, including extremely bright ones, would have 'devastating consequences for astronomy'.
- The study suggests that to protect astronomical observations, no more than 100,000 faint satellites (below naked-eye visibility) should orbit Earth.
- SpaceX plans to send one million more satellites for space-based data centers, and Reflect Orbital aims to launch 50,000 large mirror-like satellites by 2035 to provide sunlight at night.
- Simulations show that satellite constellations would create bright trails in telescope images and increase overall sky brightness, with Reflect Orbital's full fleet making the sky up to 3–4 times brighter.