- Simple fluids, previously thought unable to fracture due to lack of elasticity, can fracture under sufficient tearing stress, as shown in experiments with hydrocarbon blends.
- Brittle fractures were observed in simple fluids, similar to those in solids, with cracks propagating at high speeds (500–1500 m/s) due to no elasticity to slow them down.
- Critical stress for fracture in both simple and complex fluids is around 2 megapascals, linked to viscosity and strain rate, suggesting a fundamental cohesive energy role.
- Cavitation (formation of bubbles) in simple fluids may lead to fracture if bubbles form rapidly, challenging old theories that elasticity is necessary for liquid fracture.
- Future research aims to study fracture in transparent liquids, apply findings to fiber spinning, inkjet printing, brain injury protection, and soft robotics.