- Route leaks occur when networks incorrectly announce routes for addresses they don't own, causing internet outages.
- The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is based on trust and lacks built-in security, making it vulnerable to mistakes and hijacks.
- Filtering and public route databases can prevent incidents, but adoption is voluntary and inconsistent.
- RPKI Origin Validation offers cryptographic protection with low risk of downtime, and its adoption is increasing.