- Bill C-22 (Lawful Access Act, 2026) expands government legal tools to identify and track Canadians online, potentially chilling free speech.
- The bill passed with limited parliamentary debate and amendments, raising alarms among civil liberties groups, lawyers, and opposition MPs.
- The UK's similar legal framework results in high arrest rates for online speech, serving as a cautionary example for Canada.
- Bill C-22 allows production orders on 'reasonable grounds to suspect' and mandates service providers to build surveillance capabilities and retain metadata for up to six months.